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Robert Twycross
Robert Twycross (born 29 January 1941) is a retired British physician and writer. He was a pioneer of the hospice movement during the 1970s, when he helped palliative care gain recognition as an accepted field of modern medicine.〔University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Practice, ("Division of Palliative Care hosts lectures by pioneering physician, Dr. Robert Twycross" ), 9 June 2009〕〔Minton, Michael, Introduction to ''25 Years in Palliative Medicine at Sir Michael Sobell House: A Festschrift for Robert Twycross'', p. 1.〕
==Education and early achievements==
Twycross graduated from Oxford University, receiving a BM BCh in 1965. After completing his MRCP, in 1971 he was appointed as a Clinical Research Fellow at St Christopher's Hospice by Dame Cicely Saunders.
During his tenure there, Twycross completed studies on the effectiveness of morphine, diamorphine and methadone in managing cancer pain. These studies helped standardize and simplify the treatment of pain, eliminating more complicated treatments such as the Brompton cocktail. This research led to Dr. Twycross being awarded the University of Oxford higher degree of Doctor of Medicine.〔(''25 Years in Palliative Medicine at Sir Michael Sobell House: A Festschrift for Robert Twycross'' ), Radcliffe Medical Press, 2003. ISBN 1-85775-840-4〕
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